System of mounting facade panels

ABSTRACT

A system of mounting a facade panel ( 12 );( 25 ), in which system vertical rails ( 2 ) are fitted on the mounting surface and horizontal rails ( 4 ) and the facade panels are fitted on horizontal rails. Vertical rails ( 2 ) are fitted as straightening rails of the mounting surface, whereby they are fixed to the mounting surface by means of adjusting brackets ( 11 ) arranged at a distance from each other, the fixing holes portion ( 9 ),( 14 ) between said rail and adjustable bracket including an adjustable distance towards and the mounting face and so forth, and rails ( 2 ) including at chosen spacing of distances fixing holes ( 15 ) for fitting of horizontal rail ( 4 ) and that horizontal rails ( 4 ) include at chosen spacing of distances fixing holes ( 9 ) for fixing in vertical rails ( 2 ).

The invention relates to a system of mounting different coatingsenabling straightening, prevention of crumbling and heat insulation ofbuilding walls, in which system on the mounting surface vertical railsand horizontal rails are fitted the and facade boards into thehorizontal rails.

Previously known is, among other things, from U.S. Pat. No. 5,379,561 asystem, where on he wall plate rails are fixed hardly increasing thewall thickness, then horizontal rails are fitted onto them forming agrid. The plate rails have a profile fold both upwards and downwards inthe rail front edge, whereby bricks, stones or other facing panels withgrooves on both flanks can be shifted sideways between horizontal railsinto place, with the profile edges being in the grooves of bricks orcorresponding tiles.

The disadvantage of such a system is that the straightening of wall isdifficult, since the vertical rails are not rigid in the necessarydirection with respect to the straightening. Straightening must becarried out for instance adding filling under the vertical rails.Fitting of elements is also complicated threading and shifting sideways.

By means of the mounting system of facade panels according to theinvention, where wall straightening, possibility of heat insulation andalso prevention of crumbling of former coating remaining on theunderside or dropping of crumbs are taken notice of, the problemspresented in the following are solved and the system is characterized inthat the vertical rails are arranged as straightening rails, wherebythey are fitted on the mounting surface by means of adjustable bracketsat a distance from each other, the fixing holes between said rail andadjustable brackets having an adjustable distance for each mounting faceand so forth and the rails having fitting holes at chosen spacing forfitting the horizontal rail, and that the horizontal rails have fittingholes at chosen spacing for fitting into vertical rails.

The greatest advantage of the invention is the straitening of walls,which can be done in the new way of mounting vertical rails. A wantedwall surface is easily achieved adjusting the horizontal rails, forinstance by means of serrated oblong directly before tightening.Brackets to be fixed on the mounting the surface have ready-made oblongholes through which they are fitted into place and fixed on the wall,and a screw fixing hole, by means of which the straitening rail is fixedto the bracket. Additional insulation of different thickness can beused, a proper level of elevation is achieved increasing the height ofbrackets. By means of a special face panel fixed on vertical rails thedropping of bits from the facade remaining on the underside isprevented. The horizontal rail is separate or it can be joined to theface panel, it has horizontal serrated oblong holes enabling an alwaysproper fixing spot. Different kinds of brackets can be fixed on thefacade plate backside, on glass and other thin panels, for instance bygluing. In natural stones, panels of casting concrete and similar,wooden panels and brick panels mounting can be done pressing the bracketinto an oblique groove on panel backside.

By means of the invention the facade panels are easily fitted intoproper plane. On fitting no measuring as to the bracket positions isneeded, since when the lowest row of adjustable brackets is fitteddirectly in horizontal plane, other brackets can be screwed into placewithout measuring. Thanks to the invention the coating stays put on thewall without mechanical fastening directly on the wall. The differentthermal motions of building frame works with respect to the facematerial require contraction joints. A face panel fitted by fixing railsrests by its weight on the fixing rail, for instance through the groove,and receives thermal motions without breaking the coating or theframework. By means of the invention it is possible, among other things,to prevent demolition of building facades with a coating of concrete,when the facades start to crumble. Especially in sky scrapers crumblingis increasing and dropping of loose blocks from them are prevented witha fixing panel.

Using this system the walls can be heat insulated without any leaks ofthermal heat worth mentioning. The disadvantages of known techniques isthat the supporting rails are usually made of a wood or metal as high asthe wall and the space just at their sides is without heat insulation,which causes thermal leaks.

The fitting system as per the invention makes it possible that forinstance a face panel with tiling is not directly in fitting contactwith the wall frame work but is hanging behind the tile panels from afixing tongue at each tile attached to the fixing rail. The fittingsystem enables building of a so called differentiated facade, whichfacade moves freely by impacts of heat changes on it. The fixingpanel/horizontal panel takes care of facade airing by means of theiropenings.

Further, the disadvantage of known techniques is that all coatings mustbe fitted with separate individual brackets, which makes the use ofmulifaceted coatings difficult on same faces. In addition, the boringsof brackets in them are made in the coatings, which weakens theirdurability and ever greater material thickness is needed with respect tothis mounting system.

In the following the invention is disclosed with reference to theenclosed drawing, where

FIG. 1 shows, partly cut, a wall covered with facade panels.

FIG. 2 shows an adjustable bracket.

FIG. 3 shows a portion of the vertical rail.

FIG. 4 shows a portion of the horizontal rail.

FIG. 5 shows a bracket to be pressed into the groove

FIG. 6 shows a tongue as fastener that can be glued, screwed etc.pressed out from a sheet.

In FIG. 1 a lower sheet 6 is at first fitted on the wall and onto itaccurately in horizontal plane the lower adjustable bracket 11 fixed onthe wall through holes 13. Also the fixing perforation 16 of horizontalrail 4, which comes as the lowest, determines exactly the distance ofthe adjustable brackets 11 when they are fitted. With the lower brackets11 in place, the vertical rail 2, for instance the one closest to thecorner, is fitted upright exactly horizontally in the direction of thewall plane, for instance using a plumb-line. Under it adjustablebrackets 11 are fitted at fixed distances, since the vertical rail 2 hasready-made oblong holes 9 among which the wanted spacing is chosen.

When this rail 2 is upright on brackets 11, the brackets 11 can alreadybe screwed on the wall permanently through holes 13. However, the screwsthrough vertical rail 2 holes 9 to the threaded holes 14 of the bracketsare kept loose till the vertical rail in the corner has been by means ofa plumb-line levelled in other direction, i.e. in the downright planewith respect to the to the wall plane. When the flank of holes 9 isserrated, creased or pitted the vertical rail 2 stays put supported bythe screw secured in threaded hole 14 in the oblong hole 9 even if thescrew is loose on finding proper straightness for it. When thestraightness is found vertical rail 2 is secured by screws in threadedholes 14 in adjustable brackets 11. Then furnishing the whole wall withvertical rails 2 and horizontal rails 4 is easily done through fixingholes 9 and 15 at fixed distances. Only each vertical rail 2 is to beadjusted only with respect to straightening, e.g. in a plane downrightwith respect to the wall plane.

If no heat insulation 3 and no fixing panel 5 is mounted on thehorizontal rails a facing panel 12 is mounted, on the back of whichthere are brackets 7 as per figure. Then a groove 21 is made for thefold in panel 12. Also as fixing means a bracket 23, as per figure,glued on the back of the panel, can be used.

If the heat insulating panels 3 are mounted as in the brick panelportion in the figure, they are fitted between vertical rails 2 directlyagainst the wall. If the wall has no tendency to crumble, no fixingpanel 5 is needed, and then vertical rails 4 are mounted in the verticalrails with wanted spacing and the facial panels 25 are mounted onhorizontal rails 4.

If the wall shows tendency to crumble, a corrugated fixing panel 5 ismounted in vertical rails possibly also using horizontal rails 4. Thefacing panel presses the wall via heat insulating panel 3 and blocks orcrumbles that have got loose from the wall cannot drop down. Facingpanel 5 can be mounted to press the wall directly.

FIG. 4 horizontal rail 4 has serrated holes 9 through which horizontalrail 4 is fixed by screw 18 in threaded hole 15 of vertical rail 2.There is in the U-profile of the horizontal rail holes 17 so that screw18 is tightened through the openings. The bottom of horizontal rail 4profile has also holes, possibly the area of holes is more than half ofthe bottom part area so that airing through these holes would beeffective in a vertical air space.

Projecting parts possibly used as ornamentation on the wall can simplybe formed adding on these parts on the horizontal rail 4 one or moreadditional horizontal rails to raise the facade panel outward in thispart. The projected portions are relatively narrow, for instance asector of 30 cm in the corner of the building from below up in bothwindow jambs etc.

1. A system of mounting a facade panel (12);(25), in which systemvertical rails (2) are fitted on the mounting surface and horizontalrails (4) and the facade panels are fitted on horizontal rails,characterized in that vertical rails (2) are L-profiles and fitted asstraightening rails of the mounting surface, whereby they are fixed tothe mounting surface by means of adjusting brackets (11) arranged at adistance from each other, the fixing holes portion (9),(14) between saidrail and adjustable bracket including an adjustable distance towards andthe mounting face and so forth, and rails (2) including at chosenspacing of distances fixing holes (15) for fitting of horizontal rail(4) and that horizontal rails (4) are U-profiles and include at chosenspacing of distances fixing holes (9) for fixing in vertical rails (2).2. A system according to claim 1 characterized in that the hole fixingincludes between vertical rail (2) and adjusting bracket (11) at leastone oblong hole (9) with a serrated flank.
 3. A system according toclaim 1 characterized in that the area of adjustable bracket 11 flank(26) overlapping the vertical rail (2) is arranged to be under 10 percent of the counter flank (27) of vertical rail (2)) in order tominimise a cold bridge between wall and vertical rail.
 4. A systemaccording to claim 1 characterized in that the system includes a heatinsulating panel (3) fitted under facade panel (12),(15) at firstagainst the mounting face.
 5. A system according to claim 1characterized in that the system includes a fixing panel (5) pressingeither heat insulating panel (3) against the mounting face pressingdirectly against the mounting face in order to prevent crumbling of themounting face or options of loosened crumbling blocks.
 6. A systemaccording to claim 1 characterized in that horizontal rail (4) is aprofile, most suitably a U-profile, the profile portion striving awayfrom the wall, as the profile bottom, is furnished with airing holes(19).
 7. A system according to claim 1 characterized in that the facadepanels (12);(25) include on their back side brackets (7);23), by meansof which said panels can be fitted onto horizontal rails (4).
 8. Asystem according to claim 1 characterized in that brackets (7);(23) aremounted in the panel (12);(25) by gluing, pressing mechanically into thepanel groove (21) or the bracket is folded out off the panel.
 9. Asystem according to claim 1 characterized in that the serrated oblonghole (9) is in vertical rail (2) and in horizontal rail (4).
 10. Asystem according to claim 1 characterized in that it is possible to formin the facade panel projecting portions by fitting one or morehorizontal rail portions one on top of another in order to heighten theintended portion and the increase distance of the facade plate thatcomes on it from the mounting face.